The outbreak spread to the brong ahafo region bar which is geographically located in the middle of the country. September 2014 volume 48, number 3 ghana medical journal 120 editorial commentary of cholera and ebola virus disease in ghana doi. Cholera epidemiology and response factsheet nigeria cholera epidemiology and response factsheet nigeria cholera overview cholera was first reported in nigeria in 1970. Malaria malaria is a leading cause of death and disease in many countries, and young. This figure shows the rank of ghana relative to the same comparator countries for the leading causes of dalys in 1990 top and 2010 bottom. This manual is intended to complement such efforts and also to facilitate the generation of data to be used in strategic public health interventions.
Highlights the cholera outbreak that started in june 2014 has protracted and spilled over to 2015. In 1983, the fire that engulfed ghana and led to a severe hunger crisis has become the major point of reference in the countrys history. Outbreak of cholera in veagunga, bongo district of the upper. Just recently, ghana was hit hard by a strange outbreak of swine flu across some schools in the country. Since 1990, large outbreaks were reported in 1991, 1996, 1999 and from 2009 to 2011 fig. Policy change towards the prevention of outbreaks in ghana is identified as. Greater accra was the most affected region, with 5,558 cases and 45 deaths. Epidemic in ghana on friday, 17 october, 2014 at 04. May 21, 2018 the ghana health service ghs and the ministry of health moh have described as fake the news in the social media that, there has been an outbreak of the deadly ebola in ghana.
Jan 24, 2017 over 700 cholera cases with no death were recorded in 2016, the ghana health service ghs and ministry of health moh have stated. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in greater. She was given the same concoction and died on the 28th of june. Ghana records 2,469 fire outbreaks in first quarter 2016. Introduction to cholera, outbreak investigation, response to outbreaks, cholera treatment. Cholera 25 november 1998 outbreak the disaster the ghana ministry of health moh reported an outbreak of cholera and diarrhoea in september, 1998 in the six regions of upper east,ashanti, eastern volta, western, central and greater accra.
An outbreak of cholera has claimed more than 550 lives with more than 42,000 cases being reported since january in eastern and southern. The second case was an old lady apparently from the same house who had complained of diarrhea and vomiting at the same period. Preparing towards preventing and containing an ebola virus. The subsequent meningitis outbreak was in 19061908 during the dry season in the northern part of ghana which accounted for some 20,000 deaths browne, 1945. The cholera outbreak was first reported in the bawku east district of the ghanas upper east region on 14 september 1998. Economic evaluation of 2014 cholera outbreak in ghana. The columns are ordered by the absolute number of dalys in ghana for that particular year, with greatest burden on the left. Cholera epidemiology and response factsheet ghana cholera epidemiology and response factsheet ghana cholera overview cholera was first reported in ghana in 1970. In the wake of cholera cases increasing in ghana, atv visited korle bu to interact with the doctors and experience at first hand what the situation is like on the ground. The epidemic has affected 123 of the 216 districts in all 10 regions. Reactions to the outbreak are reflected in psychological, social, cultural, economic and above all health systems responses. Apparently, studies on cerebrospinal meningitis csm could be traced back to the year 1900, the time in which the first major outbreak was recorded in cape coast, ghana waddy, 1957. Pressure group, occupyghana, has made recommendations on how the current outbreak of meningitis and h1n1 influenza in parts of the country can be stemmed and a recurrence prevented. An ongoing cholera outbreak in ghana in 2014, hitting hard the capital accra, has claimed some 100 lives and over 11,000 cases by september.
Situation report on cholera outbreak in ghana as of 15 march 2015 week 11 i. Oct 20, 2014 in the wake of cholera cases increasing in ghana, atv visited korle bu to interact with the doctors and experience at first hand what the situation is like on the ground. Initial reports of the cholera outbreak came from the largely rural and impoverished communities on the outskirts of the ngwelezane township, near the empangeni town. More than 40 years after its resurgence in africa in 1970, cholera remains a grave public health. However, there have been large outbreaks in 2011 and 2012. An outbreak of cholera in seven of ghanas ten regions has been confirmed by the ministry of health moh.
Country office ghana situation report on cholera outbreak in ghana as of 2 november 2014 we ek 44 i. Country office ghana situation report on cholera outbreak in. Response measures, challenges, and lessons learnt from the most recent cholera outbreak are critically assessed to determine how best this public health issue could be resolved. The cholera outbreak 1 executive summary background in august 2000 south africa was experiencing one of the worst cholera epidemics in the countrys recent history. In 2015, a cumulative total of 434 cases with 4 deaths, a case fatality rate cfr of 0. Onayade s h u t t e r s t o c k m i r ek outbreaks need to be better and more quickly mapped. Jul 29, 2014 cholera outbreak in greater accra region causing death.
The purpose of this cholera outbreak management guideline is, therefore, to enable all the health professionals and partners involved in health manage cholera outbreaks in standardized way. First outbreak, norwayturkeyfrance index case accra. In june 2014, a cholera outbreak was reported in ghana. Country office ghana situation report on cholera outbreak in ghana as of 15 march 2015 week 11 i. However, evidence of the economic costs of the disease on the health system and affected households has not been fully documented. High and low incidence areas hia and lia were selected in comparative cost analysis and. Please see additional file 1 for translations of the. Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of. Between january and 6 may 2012, a total of 3,216 cases and 28 deaths were reported from 20. As of 18 aug, 6,018 cases including 47 deaths case fatality rate of 0. Pneumococcal meningitis cases were recorded in ghana in the last quarter of 2015 and an outbreak confirmed by the ministry of health was reported in january 2016. This study assessed the response activities undertaken in two districts, akatsi district in volta region and komendaedinaeguafoabirem keea municipal in central region during the 2012 cholera epidemic in ghana. This outbreak spread across continents with west africa remaining the epicenter. Ghanas cholera outbreak, officials say, is the worst in more than 30 years, with the country last suffering such a high number of casualties in 1982.
Assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two. Lassa fever lf is endemic to nigeria, where the disease causes substantial rates of illness and death. The agency said that the outbreak was centered in impoverished. A risk assessment is underway, and an outbreak response is being considered 2. Cholera outbreak in ghana kills at least 67 since june health24. Pdf the trends of fire outbreaks in ghana and ways to. The first case of cholera in ghana was in a togolese national in transit at the kotoka international airport from guinea. The ghana health service has implemented an integrated disease surveillance and response system in ghana to strengthen disease surveillance in the country. Ghs and moh said the report is false and misleading since there is no incidence of ebola in ghana. Daviesteye 4 1department of disease surveillance, ghana health service, korlebu, accra, ghana. Offei1 1ashanti regional health directorate, ghana health service, p.
Ghana is currently working towards achievement of the millennium development goals. This document offers a framework for the assessment of a cholera outbreak response, which will help to. Research article open access epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in greater accra region of ghana, 2014 kennedy oheneadjei, ernest kenu, delia akosua bandoh, prince nii ossah addo, charles lwanga noora, priscillia nortey and edwin andrew afari. To prevent cyclical cholera outbreaks in ghana, this commentary discusses the associated problems and makes recommendations to solve them. The world bank group has donated two vehicles to the ghana centre for disease control gcdc and public health emergency operations centre pheoc, under the ghana health service to support the activities of the centre. It did not gain much notice because of being overshadowed by ebola news in nearby countries. The overall cfr was higher than the who acceptable rate of africa. A total of 1,546 cases and 67 deaths have resulted from the outbreak of cholera and diarrhoeal diseases. We carried out a descriptive cross sectional study to investigate the epidemiological link of the 2014 cholera outbreak in the greater accra region of ghana. The embassy is closely following the situation together with who, ghana health service and the ministry of health. The occurrence of fire disasters is not a new phenomenon in ghanaian history.
Country office ghana situation report on cholera outbreak. According to him, statistics available at the ghana national fire service gnfs indicate that domestic fires, which occurred from 2012 to 2015, represented 41. Ghana recorded its worst outbreak of cholera in 2014 with eight out of its 10 regions being affected. Apr 26, 2016 ghana recorded 2,469 fire outbreaks within the first quarter of the year as against 2,036 within the same period in 2015. Ghana experienced its worst cholera outbreak in three decades in 2014. This study therefore sought to determine economic cost associated with recent outbreak the disease. Jun 12, 2015 the ghana health service in a bid to prevent a further spread of the disease earlier, asked local assemblies to consider banning the sale of food on the street. Cholera in these areas appeared to have been smuggled in by relatives of dead ghanaian fishermen from togo and guinea, respectively, for burial despite a sanitary cordon on ghanas borders. As the outbreak response is often led by medical professionals, other aspects, such as environmental or communication issues, might tend to be neglected. Cholera distribution the four regions along the coast, greater accra, central, western.
Hiv is a leading cause of death and a health threat to millions worldwide. Outbreak of cholera in veagunga, bongo district of the. Since 1990 and up to 2010, the overall yearly trend showed a decrease over time in size. The 2020 coronavirus pandemic in ghana is an ongoing viral pandemic of coronavirus disease. Cholera outbreaks can occur periodically in any part of the world where water supplies, sanitation, food safety and hygiene practices are inadequate. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in. The outbreak was first reported in the bawku east district of the upper east region on september 14. Evidence of cholera economic costs on affected households has been limited. The acute diarrhoea infection which can kill within hours had the highest reported cases from the cape coast municipality in the central region. Sandro accorsi admission patterns malaria was also the leading cause of hospital admissions, accounting for 24.
Outbreak and response team was informed of the outbreak and on the 5th of july joined the local team to support, investigate and control the outbreak with these objectives. Cdc influenza division cdc id assisted in building laboratory capacity for influenza detection and response and continues to provide training to health professionals in ghana a nd the west africa region. The festering cholera epidemic has now affected more than 22,000 people in all the ten regions of ghana. She was one of the family members who cared for the primary.
Despite recurring outbreaks of cholera in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of outbreak response activities undertaken in affected areas. With the high number of campaigns and education on cholera, officials say it is baffling to see many people queueing for food sold at joints close to refuse dumps, filthy and open gutters. The cases are originating from communities in the outskirts of cape coast metropolitan. The trends of fire outbreaks in ghana and ways to prevent these incidences article pdf available in safety and health at work 74 march 2016 with 7,208 reads how we measure reads. The vehicles, a toyota land cruiser v8 and a toyota hilux double cabin, worth thousands of cedis were handed over to the ghana health service on 5th november at the disease. Jun 15, 2018 this commentary aims to throw light on the menace of cholera in ghana and the need to curb the recurrence of outbreaks and bouts of this epidemic. Regional update, 2014 week 52 cholera cases trend in wca, 20 and 2014 cholera cases distribution by district in wca, 2014 the boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply any endorsement or. By the end of january 2015 when the outbreak was finally contained, over 28, 000 cases with 243 deaths had been recorded in all 10 regions of ghana 14. Final manuscript h1n1 outbreak ghana medical journal. Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana bmc. This study sought to show how the index cases from various districts of the greater accra region may have been linked. The case fatality ratio is high in the sahelian area, equal or greater than 2%, especially in nigeria, chad, cameroon and niger. Cholera has erupted in the southern cape coast district, with a sudden escalation of cases within days, rising from 36 on 26 october 2016 to 117 by 30 october, notably with no fatality.
Epidemiologic and clinical features of lassa fever. Oct 11, 2017 this study sought to show how the index cases from various districts of the greater accra region may have been linked. Ghana has trained over 400 field staff across the country who have conducted more than 100 outbreak investigations, including on meningitis, cholera, yellow fever, influenza, measles, rubella, and anthrax. Aug 25, 2014 cholera outbreak in ghana kills at least 67 since june cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others in an outbreak that highlights the health and. Highlights the cholera outbreak that affected ghana since early june is still on. The cholera outbreak started in june 2014 and continued to 2015.
Ghana is affected by crossborder outbreaks mainly from nigeria and togo, especially along the guinea coast. On th june 2011, there was a reported outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea at medinya among people who eat at a mass traditional wedding ceremony in the western region of ghana. Aug 10, 2017 a nationwide outbreak of vibrio cholerae occurred in ghana in 2014 with accra, the nations capital as the epicenter. Cholera outbreak investigation in the central african. Ghana experienced its worst cholera outbreak in the last three decades in 2014. Odei 1ghana field epidemiology and laboratory training programme, school of public health, university of. The western african ebola virus epidemic 202016 was the most widespread outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in historycausing major loss of life and socioeconomic disruption in the region, mainly in guinea, liberia and sierra leone. In ghana, fire incidents have become a regular occurrence, with thousands of lives and millions of dollars lost every year. During the current seventh cholera pandemic, africa bore the major brunt of global disease burden. Assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two districts in ghana sallyann ohene1, wisdom klenyuie2 and mark sarpeh3 abstract background. Presidents emergency plan for aids relief pepfar, cdc works with ghana to build a sustainable, highimpact national hiv response program to accelerate progress towards the unaids global targets to control the hiv epidemic. Main body this commentary aims to throw light on the menace of cholera in ghana and the need to curb the recurrence of outbreaks and bouts of this epidemic. To achieve the targets for the reduction of child mortality, which forms mdg 4, ghana should reduce underfive deaths per 1,000 live births to 43, and increase measles immunisation to 100 per cent by 2015. In this article, we report an analysis of the epidemiologic and clinical aspects of the lf outbreak that occurred in nigeria during january 1may 6, 2018.
In 2015, a cumulative total of 434 cases with 4 deaths, a case. This study aimed at determining economic costs on households affected by the cholera outbreak in a coastal region of ghana. Trend of fire outbreaks in ghana and ways to prevent these. Cdc id assigned a regional avian and pandemic influenza advisor to ghana in 2008 and. This commentary aims to throw light on the menace of cholera in ghana and the need to curb the recurrence of outbreaks and bouts of this epidemic. For all current travel notices, please visit the travel notices page. This article will be exploring some major disease outbreaks that could pose a grave threat to ghana should it strike in the course of the year. Main outbreaks were reported in the densely populated regions of greater accra and ashanti, and in bordering coastal regions. Cholera control and amr in nigeria commonwealth health. Declared in june 2014, the west and central african cholera outbreak as of january 25, 2015 claimed 1,683 registered deaths and over 91,361 reported cases with a reported case fatality rate cfr of 2% in 11 countries, which is 3 times more than in 20. Outbreak of cholera, greater accra region, ghana, 2014.
An outbreak of cholera due to vibrio cholerae o1 occurred in the brong ahafo region of ghana in 2014, the second in as many years the last in 2012 raising questions to decreasing intervals of cholera epidemics in the region. The burden of diseases brief overview of disease profile, service utilisation patterns and health outcomes by isaac adams, daniel darko and dr. Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana. L opare et al outbreak of cholera in the east akim municipalities 116 outbreak of cholera in the east akim municipality of ghana following unhygienic practices by smallscale gold miners, november 2010 j. Aug 23, 2014 cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others, the ghana health service said friday. September 2014 volume 48, number 3 ghana medical journal. Its recurrence poses a major threat to public health and human security given the increasing number of reported cases and deaths. Since the first outbreak of cholera epidemic in nigeria, recurrent outbreaks are being recorded yearly though with a decline in death rates with the exception of the 1991 cholera outbreak records. Hardly a day passes without news of a fire outbreak in some part of ghana, causing fear and panic among the people.
Villages affected by the cholera outbreak in the central african republic in sept. Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease that can kill within hours if left untreated. O box 1908, kumasi, ghana, 2asante akim south district health directorate, ghana health service, p. Hardly a day passes without news of a fire outbreak in any part of ghana. Meningitis outbreak caused by vaccinepreventable bacterial. It is to these reasons that ghanaians will just be praying against this occurrence. Although, the three most affected countries have been declared ebola free, the recent reemergence of cases in sierra leone require that countries in west africa do not relent in their evd containment. In nigeria, the north in particular has poor access to potable water.
Cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others, the ghana health service said friday. Cdcs global health security efforts in ghana help improve the countrys ability to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease outbreaks before they become epidemics that could affect global populations. In 2011 and 2012 ghana had cholera epidemics combined that totaled 16,000 cases and deaths. Outbreak of cholera, greater accra region, ghana, 2014 emmanuel dzotsi 1, john kofi odoom 2, joseph k. On january 26, 2016, it was reported that 153 people had become infected and 32 had died. The cholera outbreak which claimed 243 lives out of 28,975 cases and the ebola virus disease. Ghana close schools, ban religious, sports, oda activities to fight.
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